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Stomatologija 2016; 18 (1): 14-20 556 KB

Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia

Jekaterina Gudkina, Anda Brinkmane, Stephen H. Abrams, Bennett T. Amaechi

Summary

Aim. Authors assessed the influence of drinking tea with sugar, level of cariogenic microflora and use of fluoride toothpaste and tablets on caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia.

Methods. 141 six and 164 twelve year old children were examined clinically and with bitewing radiographs to determine their dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS. Children or their parents responded to questionnaire on number teaspoons of sugar (TS) used per cup of tea, number of cups of tea consumed daily, using fluoride or non-fluoride toothpaste (TP), frequency of toothbrushing, using fluoride tablets or not (ft). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) levels were measured in children with dmft/DMFT>4.0 for age of 6 (73% (n=103)), and for age of 12 (54% (n=88)). Impact of variables in caries status was determined using frequency tables and ANOVA, while proportion differences were tested using chi-square test.

Results. In 6 year olds, statistically significant associations were observed between the salivary microflora (MS, LB) and dt/DT (p=0.032; dt=3.71, DT=0.42), use of F-toothpaste (p=0.020), and TS (p<0.001). In 12 year olds, statistically significant (p<0.01) associations were observed between salivary microflora and dt/DT, ds/DS and dmft/DMFT. In both age groups, significant (p<0.001) association was demonstrated between dmfs/DMFS and salivary microflora, F-toothpaste and TS.

Conclusions. The present study indicated that the caries development in Latvian children was associated with consumption of sugary tea and use of non-fluoride toothpaste.

Key words: sugar intake, fluoride, salivary cariogenic microflora, dietary habits, caries risk assessment.

Received: 11 11 2014

Accepted for publishing: 28 03 2016

¹Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia

²Quantum Dental Technologies

³University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA

Jekaterina Gudkina¹ – M.D., PhD, assist. prof.

Anda Brinkmane¹ – M.D., PhD, prof.

Stephen H. Abrams² – M.D., PhD

Bennett T. Amaechi³ – BDS, MS, PhD, FADI

Address correspondence to Dr. Jekaterina Gudkina, 20, Str. Dzirciema, Riga, Latvia.

E-mail address: j.gudkina@inbox.lv



	Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal

March, 2016, Vol. 18, No. 1 CONTENTS REVIEW Prevention and treatment of white spot lesions during and after fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic literature review Egle Lapenaite, Kristina Lopatiene, Aira Ragauskaite 3-8 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES Hypericum perforatum L. treatment restored bone mass changes in swimming stressed rats Nikos Seferos, Loukas Petrokokkinos, Antonia Kotsiou, George Rallis, Christine Tesseromatis 9-13 Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia Jekaterina Gudkina, Anda Brinkmane, Stephen H. Abrams, Bennett T. Amaechi 14-20 Vertical and sagittal morphology of the facial skeleton and the pharyngeal airway Kristina Lopatienė, Agnė Dabkutė, Viktorija Juškevičiūtė 21-25 Prevention of Occlusal Caries using a Ozone, Sealant and Fluoride Varnish in Children Julija Kalnina, Ruta Care 26-31 CASE REPORT Direct composite resin crown fabrication on a custom formed root canal post – EverStick®POST Valdas Vilkinis, Juozas Žilinskas 32-36 © 2016 Stomatologija		Stomatologija 2016; 18 (1): 14-20 556 KB Factors influencing the caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia Jekaterina Gudkina, Anda Brinkmane, Stephen H. Abrams, Bennett T. Amaechi Summary Aim. Authors assessed the influence of drinking tea with sugar, level of cariogenic microflora and use of fluoride toothpaste and tablets on caries experience of 6 and 12 year old children in Riga, Latvia. Methods. 141 six and 164 twelve year old children were examined clinically and with bitewing radiographs to determine their dmft/DMFT and dmfs/DMFS. Children or their parents responded to questionnaire on number teaspoons of sugar (TS) used per cup of tea, number of cups of tea consumed daily, using fluoride or non-fluoride toothpaste (TP), frequency of toothbrushing, using fluoride tablets or not (ft). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) levels were measured in children with dmft/DMFT>4.0 for age of 6 (73% (n=103)), and for age of 12 (54% (n=88)). Impact of variables in caries status was determined using frequency tables and ANOVA, while proportion differences were tested using chi-square test. Results. In 6 year olds, statistically significant associations were observed between the salivary microflora (MS, LB) and dt/DT (p=0.032; dt=3.71, DT=0.42), use of F-toothpaste (p=0.020), and TS (p<0.001). In 12 year olds, statistically significant (p<0.01) associations were observed between salivary microflora and dt/DT, ds/DS and dmft/DMFT. In both age groups, significant (p<0.001) association was demonstrated between dmfs/DMFS and salivary microflora, F-toothpaste and TS. Conclusions. The present study indicated that the caries development in Latvian children was associated with consumption of sugary tea and use of non-fluoride toothpaste. Key words: sugar intake, fluoride, salivary cariogenic microflora, dietary habits, caries risk assessment. Received: 11 11 2014 Accepted for publishing: 28 03 2016 ¹Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia ²Quantum Dental Technologies ³University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA Jekaterina Gudkina¹ – M.D., PhD, assist. prof. Anda Brinkmane¹ – M.D., PhD, prof. Stephen H. Abrams² – M.D., PhD Bennett T. Amaechi³ – BDS, MS, PhD, FADI Address correspondence to Dr. Jekaterina Gudkina, 20, Str. Dzirciema, Riga, Latvia. E-mail address: j.gudkina@inbox.lv